An analysis of error patterns in children's backward digit recall in noise. Keywords: Auditory memory, background noise, cognitive processing, digit span, hearing, working memory How to cite this article: Osman H, Sullivan JR. The majority of errors was related to the maintenance of sequential order information, which suggests that reduced performance in competing speech may result from increased cognitive processing demands in noise. Decline in children's working memory performance was not primarily related to perceptual difficulties alone. In addition, children had more difficulty recalling the correct order of intermediate items, supporting strong primacy and recency effects. In terms of listening condition interaction, it was found that the order errors occurred more frequently than item errors in the degraded listening condition compared to quiet. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) revealed the main effects for error type and digit span length. All the children were aged between 7 years and 10 years. Fifty five children with normal hearing were included. The errors were classified into two categories: item (if digits that were not presented in a list were repeated) and order (if correct digits were repeated but in an incorrect order). The types and patterns of errors made on the backward digit span in quiet and multitalker babble at -5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were analyzed. The purpose of the study was to determine whether perceptual masking or cognitive processing accounts for a decline in working memory performance in the presence of competing speech. An analysis of error patterns in children's backward digit recall in noiseĭepartment of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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